SP

External Marks: 60 L T P
Internal Marks: 40 3 1 -
Total Marks: 100
PREREQUISITES: One high level procedural language, knowledge to assembly
language and knowledge of data structures and computer organization.
OBJECTIVES: This course provides knowledge to design various system programs.
COURSE CONTENTS:
Editors [5%]
1. Line editor, Full screen editor and multi window editor.
2. Case study MS-Word, DOS Editor and vi editor.
Assemblers [20%]
1. First pass and second pass of assembler and their algorithms.
2. Assemblers for CISC Machines: case study x85 & x86 machines.
Compilers [30%]
1. Introduction to various translators.
2. Various phases of compiler.
3. Introduction to Grammars and finite automata.
4. Bootstrapping for compilers.
5. Lexical Analysis and syntax analysis.
6. Intermediate Code Generation.
7. Code optimization techniques.
8. Code generation
9. Case study :LEXX and YACC.
10. Design of a compiler in C++ as Prototype.
Debuggers[5%]
1. Introduction to various debugging techniques.
2. Case study :- Debugging in Turbo C++ IDE.
Linkers and Loaders [10%]
1. Concept of linking.
2.Case study of Linker in x86 machines.
3. Loading of various loading schemes.
Operating System[30%]
1. Booting techniques and sub-routines.
2. Design of kernel and various management for OS.
3. Design of Shell and other utilities.

MALP

External Marks: 60 L T P
Internal Marks: 40 3 1 -
Total Marks: 100
PREREQUISITES : Digital Circuits and Logic Design
OBJECTIVES: The course is intended to give students good understanding of
internal architectural details and functioning of microprocessors .
COURSE CONTENTS:
1.Microprocessor Architecture(20%)
Basic Computer Architecture using 8085 MP I/O, Memory & System buses
,Instruction execution sequence & Data Flow, Instruction cycle Concept of
address,Bus, Data Bus Data & Control Bus
Synchronous & Asynchronous buses.
2. I/O memory interface(20%)
Programmable , interrupted initiated ,DMA transfer serial & Parallel
interface,Detail study of 8251 I/O Processor.
3. Instruction set & Assembly Languages Programming (30%)
Introduction, instruction & data formats, addressing modes, status flags, all 8085
instructions, Data transfer groups, Arthimetic group, Logical group, Branch Group.
4. Microprocessor Development System(MDS)(10%)
PROM Programming ,Emilator, ROM Simulation introduction to up kits, Study of 8051,
Csingle chip microcomputer.
5.Case structure & Microprocessor application(15%)
Up application interfacing a matrix keyboard 7- segment led display
Study of trafic light system stepper motor interface
6. Basic arcitect (5%)
Introduction to 8086, motorola 68000

DATA COMMUNICATION

External Marks: 60 L T P
Internal Marks: 40 3 1 -
Total Marks: 100
PREREQUISTES: None
OBJECTIVES:
This course provides knowledge about various types of Network, Network Topologies ,
protocols .
COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction: Uses of Computer Networks, Network Hardware, Network Software,
seven-layer OSI architecture of ISO, concepts of layer protocols and layer interfaces,
TCP/IP reference model, comparison of OSI &TCP/IP reference models[20%]
Physical Layer: Transmission media , telephone system (structure, trunks , multiplexing
and switching), wireless transmission , [15%]
Data Link Layer: Design Issues, Error detection and correction , elementary data link
protocols , sliding window protocols.[20%]
Medium Access Sub layer: The channel allocation , IEEE standards 802 for LAN &
MAN.
Network Layer: Design issues , routing algorithms, Congestion control Algorithims, IP
protocol , IP addresses, Sub nets.[15%]
Transport Layer: Treansport Services, Elements of Transport protocols, TCP service
Model , protocol, Header.[10%]
Application Layer: Network security , DNS . E-mail , world wide web,
multimedia.[10%]

M - 3

External Marks: 60 L T P
Internal Marks: 40 3 1 -
Total Marks: 100
PREREQUISITES: Calculus of two variables and exposure to mathematics-I and
Mathematics - II.
OBJECTIVES:
To teach Engineering Mathematics to the students.
COURSE CONTENTS:
Review of the prerequisites such as limits of sequences and functions. Continuity,
uniform continuity and differentiability. Rolls theorem, mean value theorems and
Taylor's theorem. Newton method for approximate solution Riemann integral and the
fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Approximate integration. Applications to
length area, volume, surface area of revolution, Moments, centers of Mass and Gravity.
Repeated and multiple integrals with applications to volume, surface area, moments of
inertia etc. Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Laplace equation, elementary
functions, Cauchy's integral theorem(Proof by using Greens theorem), Cauchy's integral
formula, Taylor series and Laurent series. [33%
Residues and applications to evaluating real improper integrals and inverse Laplace
transforms. Conformal mapping, linear fractional transformations. [17%]
Boundary value problems involving partial differential equations such as wave equation,
heat equation, Laplace equations . Solutions by the method of separation of variables and
by Fourier and Laplace transforms. [33%]
Numerical Methods for ODEs and PDEs. [17%]

CSE SYLLABUS 4 TH SEM

OPERATING SYSTEM : -

External Marks: 60 L T P
Internal Marks: 40 3 1 -
Total Marks: 100
PREREQUISITES:
Computer Systems programming and Data Structures.
OBJECTIVES:
Understand the overall architecture of the operating system and its main components,
Functions of Kernel, file system architecture and implementation, concurrent
programming and concurrency .
COURSE CONTENTS:
Introduction to Operating system, computer system structure , operating system structure,
process management, CPU scheduling , process synchronization, deadlocks[35%]
Memory management paging and segmentation virtual memories[20%]
I./O system and secondary storage structure [10%]
Protection and security [10%]
Introduction to multiprocessor and distributed operating systems. [20%]
Case Studies: LINUX , UNIX Operating System with SOLARIS and SCO-UNIX [15%]

BRICK GAME IN C++

<br /> #include <iostream.h><br /> #include <conio.h><br /> #include <ctype.h> //defining toupper<br /> # include <process.h> //exit(0)<br /> # include <dos.h><br /> # include <stdlib.h><br /> # include <graphics.h><br /> # include <stdio.h><br /> <br /> # define NULL 0<br /> # define YES 1<br /> # define NO 0<br /> #define ESC 0x1b /* Define the escape key */<br /> <br /> int MaxX, MaxY, MidX, MidY ;<br /> int bri[5][20] ;<br /> <br /> int GraphDriver; /* The Graphics device driver */<br /> int GraphMode; /* The Graphics mode value */<br /> int MaxXX, MaxYY; /* The maximum resolution of the screen */<br /> int MaxColors; /* The maximum # of colors available */<br /> int ErrorCode; /* Reports any graphics errors */<br /> struct palettetype palette; /* Used to read palette info*/<br /> <br /> // Initialize the graphics mode<br /> void Initialize(void);<br /> <br /> // Display the last screen of bricks<br /> void SayGoodbye(void);<br /> <br /> // Changes the text style and report any error if encounter<br /> void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize);<br /> <br /> // Welcome screen of bricks game<br /> mainscreen();<br /> <br /> // Instruction messages of bricks game<br /> screen();<br /> <br /> // To display the bricks (in square box) and paddles in rectangle form <br /> and<br /> bulbs rounded form<br /> bricks();<br /> <br /> // Delete a bricks when bulb hit it<br /> delbrick(int,int);<br /> <br /> // Echoes different musics<br /> bell(int);<br /> <br /> int graphmode = CGAHI, graphdriver = CGA, level; // resolution of<br /> CGAHI = 640 x 200 (col x row)<br /> <br /> /*-------------------Mouse Library--------------*/<br /> <br /> void InitMouse()//initializes the mouse<br /> {<br /> union REGS in,out;<br /> in.x.ax=33;<br /> int86(0x33,&in,&out);<br /> }<br /> <br /> void MousePos(int* x,int* y,int* click)<br /> { //stores back (x,y) values and click type<br /> //click=1: left click<br /> //2: right click<br /> //3: middle click<br /> union REGS in,out;<br /> in.x.ax=3;<br /> int86(0x33,&in,&out);<br /> *click=(int)out.x.bx;<br /> *x=(int)out.x.cx;<br /> *y=(int)out.x.dx;<br /> }<br /> /*-----------------------End Of Mouse Methods----------*/<br /> <br /> <br /> main<br /> ()<br /> {<br /> union REGS ii, oo ;<br /> <br /> int BallX, BallY, Base1, Base2, dx = 1, dy = -1, OldX, OldY ;<br /> int totallayer[5] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 }, max = 50, layer = 4 ;<br /> int i, flag = 0, speed = 15, score = 0, chance = 4, areareq ;<br /> <br /> char *m1, *m2 ; //pointers to memory<br /> <br /> /* Function to initialise the graphics mode */<br /> initgraph ( &graphdriver, &graphmode, "c:\tc\bgi" ) ;<br /> mainscreen();<br /> initgraph ( &graphdriver, &graphmode, "c:\tc\bgi" ) ;<br /> /**************************************************/<br /> /* Function to initialise the mouse */<br /> InitMouse();<br /> /* get the maximum value of x and y coordinates of the screen */<br /> MaxX = getmaxx() ;<br /> MaxY = getmaxy() ;<br /> /* finding the center of the screen */<br /> MidX = MaxX / 2 ;<br /> MidY = MaxY / 2 ;<br /> <br /> <br /> /* create opening screen and accept the level of the player's */<br /> level = screen() ;<br /> <br /> /* assign the speed to ball as per the level chosen */<br /> switch ( level )<br /> {<br /> case 'M' :<br /> case 'm' :<br /> speed = 10 ;<br /> break ;<br /> <br /> case 'F' :<br /> case 'f' :<br /> speed = 3 ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* draw the four layer of bricks, the paddle and the ball */<br /> rectangle ( 0, 0, MaxX, MaxY - 12 ) ;<br /> bricks() ;<br /> rectangle ( MidX - 25, MaxY - 7 - 12, MidX + 25, MaxY - 12 ) ;<br /> floodfill ( MidX, MaxY - 1 - 12, 12 ) ;<br /> circle ( MidX, MaxY - 13 - 12, 12 ) ;<br /> <br /> // fillellipse ( MidX, MaxY - 13 - 12,12,12 ) ;<br /> floodfill ( MidX, MaxY - 10 - 12, 12 ) ;<br /> <br /> /* memory allocation for storing the image of the paddle */<br /> areareq = imagesize ( MidX - 12, MaxY - 18, MidX + 12, MaxY - 8 ) ;<br /> m1 =((char*) malloc ( areareq )) ;<br /> <br /> /* memory allocation for storing the image of the ball */<br /> areareq = imagesize ( MidX - 25, MaxY - 7, MidX + 25, MaxY - 1 ) ;<br /> m2 =((char *) malloc ( areareq ) );<br /> <br /> /* if unable to alloacte the memory */<br /> if ( m1 == NULL || m2 == NULL )<br /> {<br /> puts ( "Not Enough memory!!" ) ;<br /> exit ( 1 ) ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* image of the paddle and the ball is stored into allocated memory */<br /> getimage ( MidX - 12, MaxY - 7 - 12 - 12 + 1, MidX + 12, MaxY - 8 - <br /> 12,<br /> m1 ) ;<br /> getimage ( MidX - 25, MaxY - 7 - 12, MidX + 25, MaxY - 1 - 12, m2 ) ;<br /> <br /> /* store current position of the paddle and ball */<br /> Base1 = MidX - 25 ;<br /> Base2 = MaxY - 7 - 12 ;<br /> BallX = MidX - 12 ;<br /> BallY = MaxY - 7 - 12 + 1 - 12 ;<br /> <br /> /* display balls remaining ( initially 3 ) */<br /> gotoxy ( 45, 25 ) ;<br /> cout<< "Balls :" ; for ( i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++ ) { circle ( 515 + i * 35, MaxY - 5, 12 ) ; floodfill ( 515 + i * 35, MaxY - 5, 12 ) ; } /* display starting score */ gotoxy ( 1, 25 ) ; cout<< "Score: "; gotoxy(16,25); cout<<score; /* select font and alignment for displaying text */ settextjustify ( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT ) ; changetextstyle ( GOTHIC_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 ) ; while ( 1 ) { flag = 0 ; /* saving current x and y coordinates of the ball */ OldX = BallX ; OldY = BallY ; /* update ballx and bally to move the ball in correct direction */ BallX = BallX + dx ; BallY = BallY + dy ; /* according to the position of ball the layer of bricks is determined */ if ( BallY > 40 )<br /> {<br /> max = 50 ;<br /> layer = 4 ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> if ( BallY > 30 )<br /> {<br /> max = 40 ;<br /> layer = 3 ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> if ( BallY > 20 )<br /> {<br /> max = 30 ;<br /> layer = 2 ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> if ( BallY > 10 )<br /> {<br /> max = 20 ;<br /> layer = 1 ;<br /> }<br /> else<br /> {<br /> max = 10 ;<br /> layer = 0 ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* if the ball hits the right boundary, move it to the left */<br /> if ( BallX > ( MaxX - 24 - 1 ) )<br /> {<br /> bell ( 5 ) ;<br /> BallX = MaxX - 24 - 1 ;<br /> dx = -dx ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* if the ball hits the left boundary, move it to the right */<br /> if ( BallX < 1 ) { bell ( 5 ) ; BallX = 1 ; dx = -dx ; } /* if the ball hits the top boundary, move it down */ if ( BallY < 1 ) { bell ( 5 ) ; BallY = 1 ; dy = -dy ; } /* if the ball is in the area of the bricks */ if ( BallY < max ) { /* if there is no brick at the top of the ball */ if ( bri[layer][ ( BallX + 10 ) / 32 ] == 1 ) { /* if the ball touches a brick */ for ( i = 1 ; i <= 6 ; i++ ) { /* check whether there is a brick to the right of the ball */ if ( bri[layer][ ( BallX + i + 10 ) / 32 ] == 0 ) { /* if there is a brick */ BallX = BallX + i ; flag = 1 ; break ; } /* check whether there is a brick to the left of the ball */ if ( bri[layer][ ( BallX - i + 10 ) / 32 ] == 0 ) { BallX = BallX - i ; flag = 1 ; break ; } } /* if the ball does not touch a brick at the top, left or right */ if ( !flag ) { /* check if the ball has moved above the current layer */ if ( BallY < totallayer[layer - 1] ) { /* if so, change current layer appropriately */ layer-- ; max = totallayer[layer] ; } /* restore the image of the ball at the old coordinates */ putimage ( OldX, OldY, m1, OR_PUT ) ; /* erase the image at the old coordinates */ putimage ( OldX, OldY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* place the image of the ball at the new coordinates */ putimage ( BallX, BallY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* delay for fewseconds*/ delay ( speed ) ; /* carry on moving the ball */ continue ; } } /* when ball touch the brick control comes to this point */ bell ( 5 ) ; /* play music */ /* erase the touched brick */ delbrick ( ( BallX + 10 ) / 32, layer ) ; /* if the brick hit is on the extreme right */ if ( ( BallX + 10 ) / 32 == 19 ) line ( MaxX, 0, MaxX, 50 ) ; /* redraw right boundary */ /* if the brick hit is on the extreme left */ if ( ( BallX + 10 ) / 32 == 0 ) line ( 0, 0, 0, 50 ) ; /* redraw left boundary */ /* if the brick hit is in the topmost layer */ if ( layer == 0 ) line ( 0, 0, MaxX, 0 ) ; /* redraw top boundary */ /* set appropriate array element to 1 to indicate absence of brick */ bri[layer][ ( BallX + 10 ) / 32 ] = 1 ; BallY = BallY + 1 ; /* update the y coordinate */ dy = -dy ; /* change the current direction of the ball */ score += 10 ; /* increment the score by 10 */ gotoxy ( 16, 25 ) ; cout<< score; /* display latest score */ /* if the first brick is hit during a throw*/ } /* if ball reached the bottom */ if ( BallY > 180 - 12 )<br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> /* if paddle missed the ball */<br /> if ( BallX < Base1 - 20 || BallX > Base1 + 50 )<br /> {<br /> /* continue the decrement of the ball */<br /> while ( BallY < 177 ) { /* erase the image of the ball at the old coordinates */ putimage ( OldX, OldY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* put the image of the ball at the new coordinates */ putimage ( BallX, BallY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* introduce delay for fewseconds */ delay ( speed ) ; /* saveing current x and y coordinates of the ball */ OldX = BallX ; OldY = BallY ; /* update ballx and bally to move the ball in correct direction */ BallX = BallX + dx ; BallY = BallY + dy ; } chance-- ; /* decrement the total number of chances */ score -= 10 ; /* decrement 10 points for each ball lost */ gotoxy ( 16, 25 ) ; cout<< score; /* display latest score */ bell ( 1 ) ; /* erase one of the available balls */ if ( chance ) putimage ( 515 + ( chance - 1 ) * 35 - 12 , MaxY - 10, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* if the last ball is being played */ if ( chance == 1 ) { gotoxy ( 45, 25 ) ; cout<< "Last ball... careful!"; } /* if all the balls are lost */ if ( !chance ) { gotoxy ( 45, 25 ) ; cout<<"Press any key to continue ... " ; outtextxy ( MidX, MidY, "Better luck next time" ) ; bell ( 2 ) ; closegraph() ; restorecrtmode() ; closegraph(); /* Close the graphics mode */ Initialize(); /* Intialize the graphics mode */ setbkcolor(4); SayGoodbye(); /* Display the That's all Folks message */ closegraph(); /* Return the system to text mode */ exit ( 0 ) ; } } /* if ball is collected on paddle */ bell ( 4 ) ; BallY = 180 - 12 ; /* restore the y coordinate of ball */ dy = -dy ; /* move the ball upwards */ } /* put the image of the ball at the old coordinates */ putimage ( OldX, OldY, m1, OR_PUT ) ; /* erase the image of the ball at the old coordinates */ putimage ( OldX, OldY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* put the image of the ball at the upadted coordinates */ putimage ( BallX, BallY, m1, XOR_PUT ) ; /* If score becomes 500 for every level player the speed of the ball will be standard PLAYER playing Fast level feel reduction of speed n PLAYER playing slow or medium level feel increment in speed... */ if(score==600) speed=6 ; /* if all the bricks have been knockout */ if ( score == 800 - ( ( 4 - chance ) * 10 ) ) { outtextxy ( MidX, MidY, "Winner !!" ) ; if ( score < 800 ) outtextxy ( MidX, MidY + 30, "Try to score 800" ) ; else outtextxy ( MidX, MidY + 30, " GREAT!" ) ; bell ( 2 ) ; SayGoodbye(); /* Display the That's all Folks message */ closegraph() ; restorecrtmode() ; exit ( 0 ) ; } /* introduce delay for few seconds */ delay ( speed ) ; /* if the key is pressed to exit the game */ if ( kbhit() ) { /* interrupt issue to obtain the ascii and scan codes of key hit */ ii.h.ah = 0 ; int86 ( 22, &ii, &oo ) ; /* if Esc key has been pressed */ if ( oo.h.ah == 1 ) exit ( 0 ) ; } /* put the image of the paddle at the old coordinates */ putimage ( Base1, Base2, m2, OR_PUT ) ; /* erase the image of the paddle at the old coordinates */ putimage ( Base1, Base2, m2, XOR_PUT ) ; // /* if Esc key has been pressed */ // if ( oo.h.ah == 1 ) // exit ( 0 ) ; /* right arrow key */ // if ( oo.h.ah == 75 ) // Base1 = //Base1 - 25 ; /* left arrow key */ // if ( oo.h.ah == 77 ) // Base1= Base1 + 25 ; /**********************************************************/ //dummy variables are useless //to get current x co-ordinate of the //mouse pointer pointer of Base1 is passed //the result is copied in the variable int ydummy,clickdummy; MousePos(&Base1,&ydummy,&clickdummy); /* if paddle goes beyond left boundary */ if ( Base1 < 0 ) Base1 = 0 ; /* if paddle goes beyond right boundary */ if ( Base1 > 589 )<br /> Base1 = 589 ;<br /> /* put the image of the paddle at the proper position */<br /> putimage ( Base1, Base2, m2, XOR_PUT ) ;<br /> // }<br /> }<br /> closegraph();<br /> Initialize();<br /> SayGoodbye(); /* Give user the closing screen */<br /> closegraph(); /* Return the system to text mode */<br /> return(0);<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* This function creates the opening screen and displyed instruction<br /> related to the game<br /> along with two option play or exit.After selecting the paly option it<br /> display<br /> three levels of the game and according to your choice you can select <br /> any<br /> level.<br /> This selected level is returned by this function to the mainprogram<br /> according to which<br /> the speed is assigned to the ball*/<br /> <br /> screen()<br /> {<br /> int i, j, lx = 0, ly = 0, ch ;<br /> <br /> <br /> rectangle(1,1,600,195);<br /> setbkcolor(4);<br /> /* set the textstyle for displaying instruction */<br /> changetextstyle ( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 0 ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150, 55, " Instructions " ) ;<br /> changetextstyle (4, HORIZ_DIR, 5 );<br /> outtextxy ( 130, 0, " B R I C K S" ) ;<br /> changetextstyle ( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 0 ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 30, 68, "Use mouse to move the paddle" ) ; // can also <br /> use<br /> KEYBOARD after activating keyboard event (use LEFT and RIGHT keys to <br /> move<br /> the PADDLE<br /> outtextxy ( 30, 88, "If you don't collect the ball on the paddle, you<br /> lose the ball." ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 30, 108, "On loosing a ball you loose 10 points." ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 30, 128, "On taking a brick you gain 10 points." ) ;<br /> changetextstyle(7, HORIZ_DIR, 3);<br /> outtextxy ( 100, 148, "Press any key to continue ..." ) ;<br /> bell ( 3 ) ; /* ring music */<br /> fflush ( stdin ) ;<br /> // if ( getch() == 0 )<br /> // getch() ;<br /> <br /> closegraph();<br /> initgraph ( &graphdriver, &graphmode, "c:\tc\bgi" ) ;<br /> rectangle(2,2,620,195);<br /> setbkcolor(4);<br /> /* display the main menu */<br /> while ( 1 )<br /> {<br /> <br /> changetextstyle(4,HORIZ_DIR,5);<br /> outtextxy ( 60, 8, "Options Available:" ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150, 55, "Play ( P )" ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150, 125, "Exit ( E )" ) ;<br /> <br /> ch = 0 ;<br /> <br /> /* continue untill you select the correct choice */<br /> while ( ! ( ch == 'E' || ch == 'P' ) )<br /> {<br /> fflush ( stdin ) ;<br /> <br /> /* if a special key is hit, flush the keyboard buffer */<br /> if ( ( ch = getch() ) == 0 )<br /> getch() ;<br /> else<br /> ch = toupper ( ch ) ; /* store the uppercase of the choice <br /> made*/<br /> }<br /> <br /> if ( ch == 'P' )<br /> break ;<br /> if (ch == 'E')<br /> exit ( 0 ) ;<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> // setviewport ( 1, 125 - 12, MaxX - 1, MaxY - 1, 1 ) ;<br /> // clearviewport() ;<br /> closegraph();<br /> initgraph ( &graphdriver, &graphmode, "c:\tc\bgi" ) ;<br /> rectangle(2,2,620,195);<br /> setbkcolor(4);<br /> <br /> /* display menu for the diffrent levels */<br /> changetextstyle(7,HORIZ_DIR,3);<br /> outtextxy ( 60, 8, "Select the level for play:" ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150,50, "Slow ( S )" ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150, 100, "Medium ( M )" ) ;<br /> outtextxy ( 150, 150, "Fast ( F )" ) ;<br /> <br /> /* accept user's choice */<br /> fflush ( stdin ) ;<br /> if ( ( ch = getch() ) == 0 )<br /> getch() ;<br /> <br /> clearviewport() ;<br /> <br /> /* return the choice selected by the user */<br /> return ( ch ) ;<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* This function draws bricks at the start of the game.There are four<br /> layers of<br /> the bricks */<br /> bricks()<br /> {<br /> int i, j, lx = 0, ly = 0 ;<br /> <br /> for ( i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ ) /* 5 rows */ { for ( j = 0 ; j < 30 ; j++ ) /* 20 columns */ { /* draw a brick at appropriate coordinates */ rectangle ( lx, ly, lx + 20, ly + 7 ) ; floodfill ( lx + 1, ly + 1, 2 ) ; lx = lx + 32 ; } lx = 0 ; ly = ly + 10 ; } } /* This function erases the brick which is knock by the ball */ delbrick ( int b, int l ) { /* b - brick number, l - layer */ setcolor ( BLACK ) ; rectangle ( b * 32, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 , ( l * 10 ) + 7 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 1, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 1, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 1 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 2, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 2, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 2 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 3, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 3, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 3 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 4, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 4, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 4 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 5, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 5, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 5 ) ; rectangle ( b * 32 + 6, l * 10, ( b * 32 ) + 20 - 6, ( l * 10 ) + 7 - 6 ) ; setcolor ( CGA_YELLOW ) ; } /* plays different types of music */ bell ( int m_no ) { /* natural frequencies of 7 notes */ float wave[6] = { 120.81, 136.83, 144.81, 154.61, 216, 240 } ; int n, i ; switch ( m_no ) { case 1 : for ( i = 0 ; i < 6 ; i++ ) { sound ( wave[i] * 1 ) ; delay ( 30 ) ; } nosound() ; break ; case 2 : for ( i = 0 ; i < 15 ; i++ ) { n = random ( 6 ) ; sound ( wave[n] * 2 ) ; delay ( 100 ) ; } nosound() ; break ; case 3 : // while ( !kbhit() ) { n = random ( 6 ) ; sound ( wave[n] * 2 ) ; delay ( 100 ) ; } nosound() ; /* flush the keyboard buffer */ if ( getch() == 0 ) getch() ; break ; case 4 : for ( i = 5 ; i >= 0 ; i-- )<br /> {<br /> sound ( wave[i] * 4 ) ;<br /> delay ( 15 ) ;<br /> }<br /> nosound() ;<br /> break ;<br /> <br /> case 5 :<br /> sound ( wave[2] * 5 ) ;<br /> delay ( 50 ) ;<br /> nosound() ;<br /> }<br /> }<br /> /* */<br /> /* INITIALIZE: Initializes the graphics system and reports */<br /> /* any errors which occured. */<br /> /* */<br /> <br /> void Initialize(void)<br /> {<br /> int xasp, yasp; /* Used to read the aspect ratio*/<br /> <br /> GraphDriver = DETECT; /* Request auto-detection */<br /> initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "c:\tc\bgi" );<br /> ErrorCode = graphresult(); /* Read result of initialization*/<br /> if( ErrorCode != grOk ){ /* Error occured during init */<br /> printf(" Graphics System Error: %s<br /> ", grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) );<br /> exit( 1 );<br /> }<br /> <br /> getpalette( &palette ); /* Read the palette from board */<br /> MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* Read maximum number of colors*/<br /> <br /> MaxXX = getmaxx();<br /> MaxYY = getmaxy(); /* Read size of screen */<br /> <br /> <br /> }<br /> /* */<br /> /* SAYGOODBYE: Give a closing screen to the user before leaving. */<br /> /* */<br /> <br /> void SayGoodbye(void)<br /> {<br /> struct viewporttype viewinfo; /* Structure to read viewport */<br /> int h, w;<br /> <br /> // MainWindow( "== Finale ==" );<br /> <br /> getviewsettings( &viewinfo ); /* Read viewport settings */<br /> changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );<br /> settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );<br /> <br /> h = viewinfo.bottom - viewinfo.top;<br /> w = viewinfo.right - viewinfo.left;<br /> cleardevice();<br /> <br /> // StatusLine( "Press any key to EXIT" );<br /> <br /> getch();<br /> <br /> cleardevice(); /* Clear the graphics screen */<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> //}<br /> <br /> /* */<br /> /* CHANGETEXTSTYLE: similar to settextstyle, but checks for */<br /> /* errors that might occur while loading the font file. */<br /> /* */<br /> <br /> void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize)<br /> {<br /> int ErrorCode;<br /> <br /> graphresult(); /* clear error code */<br /> settextstyle(font, direction, charsize);<br /> ErrorCode = graphresult(); /* check result */<br /> if( ErrorCode != grOk ){ /* if error occured */<br /> closegraph();<br /> printf(" Graphics System Error: %s<br /> ", grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) );<br /> exit( 1 );<br /> }<br /> }<br /> <br /> /* The main function body of main screen which displays the main screen<br /> creating the opening screen display */<br /> mainscreen()<br /> {<br /> int maxx, maxy, in, area;<br /> <br /> // get maximum x, y coordinates of the screen<br /> maxx = getmaxx();<br /> maxy = getmaxy();<br /> <br /> // setbkcolor sets the current background color using the palette<br /> setbkcolor(RED);<br /> <br /> // Draws a rectangle (graphics mode)<br /> rectangle(0, 0, maxx, maxy);<br /> <br /> // sets the line style and text justification in screen<br /> changetextstyle(10, HORIZ_DIR, 4);<br /> <br /> // displaying the output text on main screen<br /> outtextxy(140, 0, " WELCOME");<br /> outtextxy(170,50," TO ");<br /> outtextxy(140,100," BRICKS");<br /> changetextstyle(7, HORIZ_DIR, 3);<br /> bell(3);<br /> outtextxy(110, 160, "Press any key to continue...");<br /> <br /> // Flushes the standard input device<br /> fflush(stdin);<br /> getch();<br /> closegraph();<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br />

SNAKE GAME IN C++

<br /> #include<stdlib.h><br /> #include<stdio.h><br /> #include<conio.h><br /> <br /> /* prototypes */<br /> <br /> void draw_line(int col, int row);<br /> <br /> void show_score();<br /> <br /> void add_segment();<br /> <br /> void setup_level();<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* constants */<br /> <br /> const int maxrow=15, maxcol=77;<br /> <br /> const int snake_start_col=33,snake_start_row=7;<br /> <br /> const char up_key='a', down_key='z', left_key='o', right_key='p';<br /> <br /> const int pause_length=500000;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* global variables */<br /> <br /> int score, snake_length, speed, obstacles, level, firstpress, high_score=0;<br /> <br /> char screen_grid[maxrow][maxcol];<br /> <br /> char direction = right_key;<br /> <br /> struct snake_segment {<br /> <br /> int row,col;<br /> <br /> } snake[100];<br /> <br /> <br /> void main()<br /> <br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* Variable declarations within main() only */<br /> <br /> char keypress;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> do /* restart game loop */<br /> <br /> {<br /> <br /> obstacles=4; level=1; score=0; speed=14;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> randomize(); /* Ensure random seed initiated */<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> setup_level();<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* main loop */<br /> <br /> do<br /> <br /> {<br /> <br /> for (int i=0;i<(speed*pause_length);i++) int j=1+i; /*pause*/ /* If key has been hit, then check it is a direction key - if so, change direction */ if (kbhit()) { keypress=(char)getch(); if((keypress==right_key)||(keypress==left_key)|| (keypress==up_key)||(keypress==down_key)) direction = keypress; } /* Add a segment to the end of the snake */ add_segment(); /* Blank last segment of snake */ gotoxy(snake[0].col,snake[0].row); cprintf(" "); /* ... and remove it from the array */ for (int i=1;i<=snake_length;i++) snake[i-1]=snake[i]; /* Display snake in yellow */ textcolor(YELLOW); for (int i=0;i<=snake_length;i++) { gotoxy(snake[i].col,snake[i].row); cprintf("O"); } /* keeps cursor flashing in one place instead of following snake */ gotoxy(1,1); /* If first press on each level, pause until a key is pressed */ if (firstpress) { while(!kbhit()); firstpress = 0; } /* Collision detection - walls (bad!) */ if ((snake[snake_length-1].row>maxrow+1)||(snake[snake_length-1].row<=1)|| (snake[snake_length-1].col>maxcol+1)||(snake[snake_length-1].col<=1)|| /* Collision detection - obstacles (bad!) */ (screen_grid[snake[snake_length-1].row-2][snake[snake_length-1].col-2]=='x')) keypress='x'; /* i.e. exit loop - game over */ /* Collision detection - snake (bad!) */ for (int i=0;i<snake_length-1;i++) if ( (snake[snake_length-1].row)==(snake[i].row) && (snake[snake_length-1].col)==(snake[i].col)) { keypress='x'; /* i.e. exit loop - game over */ break; /* no need to check any more segments */ } /* Collision detection - food (good!) */ if (screen_grid[snake[snake_length-1].row-2][snake[snake_length-1].col-2]=='.') { /* increase score and length of snake */ score+=snake_length*obstacles; show_score(); snake_length++; add_segment(); /* if length of snake reaches certain size, onto next level */ if (snake_length==(level+3)*2) { score+=level*1000; obstacles+=2; level++; /* add to obstacles */ if ((level%5==0)&&(speed>1)) speed--; /* increase speed every 5 levels */<br /> <br /> setup_level(); /* display next level */<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> } while (keypress!='x');<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* game over message */<br /> <br /> if (score > high_score) high_score = score;<br /> <br /> show_score();<br /> <br /> gotoxy(30,6); textcolor(LIGHTRED); cprintf("G A M E O V E R");<br /> <br /> gotoxy(30,9); textcolor(YELLOW); cprintf("Another Game (y/n)? ");<br /> <br /> do keypress=getch(); while((keypress!='y')&&(keypress!='n'));<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> } while (keypress=='y');<br /> <br /> }<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> void setup_level()<br /> <br /> {<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* variables local to setup_level() */<br /> <br /> int row,col;<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> /* Set up global variables for new level */<br /> <br /> snake_length=level+4; direction = right_key;<br /> <br /> firstpress = 1;<br /> <br /> /* Fill grid with blanks */<br /> <br /> for(row=0;row<maxrow;row++) for(col=0;col<maxcol;col++) screen_grid[row][col]= ' '; /* Fill grid with Xs and food */ for(int i=0;i<obstacles*2;i++) { row= rand()%maxrow; col= rand()%maxcol; if(i<obstacles) screen_grid[row][col]='x'; else screen_grid[row][col]='.'; } /* Create snake array of length snake_length */ for(int i=0;i<snake_length;i++) { snake[i].row=snake_start_row; snake[i].col=snake_start_col+i; } /* Draw playing board */ draw_line(1,1); for(row=0;row<maxrow;row++) { gotoxy(1,row+2); textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("|"); textcolor(WHITE); for(col=0;col<maxcol;col++) cprintf("%c",screen_grid[row][col]); textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); cprintf("|"); } draw_line(1,maxrow+2); show_score(); gotoxy(2,maxrow+5); textcolor(LIGHTRED); cprintf("~~ SNAKE GAME~~ Left: %c, Right: %c, Up: %c, Down: %c, Exit: x. Any key to start.", left_key,right_key,up_key,down_key); } void draw_line(int col, int row) { gotoxy(col,row); textcolor(LIGHTBLUE); for (int col=0;col<maxcol+2;col++) cprintf("="); } void show_score() { textcolor(LIGHTCYAN); gotoxy(2,maxrow+3); cprintf("Level: %05d",level); gotoxy(40,maxrow+3); textcolor(LIGHTGREEN); cprintf("Score: %05d",score); gotoxy(60,maxrow+3); textcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA); cprintf("High Score: %05d",high_score); } void add_segment() { switch(direction) { case(right_key): snake[snake_length].row=snake[snake_length-1].row; snake[snake_length].col=snake[snake_length-1].col+1; break; case(left_key) : snake[snake_length].row=snake[snake_length-1].row; snake[snake_length].col=snake[snake_length-1].col-1; break; case(up_key) : snake[snake_length].row=snake[snake_length-1].row-1; snake[snake_length].col=snake[snake_length-1].col; break; case(down_key) : snake[snake_length].row=snake[snake_length-1].row+1; snake[snake_length].col=snake[snake_length-1].col; } }